If you’re taking a brand-name drug, ask your doctor about a generic equivalent — a drug that has the same effective ingredients but is known by its chemical name. While generics cost up to 70 percent less than brand names, they must meet the same government standards.

2. Switch to Substitutes

If there is no generic version of your medication, ask about switching to an older drug in the same category, says pharmacist Larry Sasich, a faculty member at LECOM School of Pharmacy. For example, Celebrex is used to relieve arthritis pain, but studies have shown that it’s neither safer nor more effective than ibuprofen, the active ingredient in Advil and Motrin. Learn more on Public Citizen’s Web site (worstpills.org).

3. Shop for the Lowest Price

“Prices can vary from pharmacy to pharmacy, even in the same chain,” says David Gross, of the AARP Public Policy Institute. Also, check prices at drugstore.com and familymeds.com.

4. Buy in Bulk

Many doctors will prescribe up to a 90-day supply of pills with each prescription, resulting in fewer orders to fill yearly.

5. Use Discount Drug Programs

You may be eligible for a program like Rx Outreach (rxoutreach.com; 800-769-3880). It offers its plan to singles making $23,925 or less a year, and families of four making $48,375 or less a year. Charging no annual fee, they fill three-month ($18) or six-month ($30) prescriptions for more than 50 FDA-approved generic medications.

6. Ask About Pill Splitting

By doubling the strength of your pills and then cutting them in half, you can cut down on refills by 50 percent. Consult your doctor before doing this. Certain pills, like time-release medications, should not be split.

7. Mail-Order Prescriptions

Some insurers have mail-order programs in which a three-month supply of medicine costs virtually the same as a one- or two-month supply bought at the local pharmacy. Check with your insurance company.

8. Open an FSA

Your employer may offer a flexible spending account (FSA) plan, which allows you to set aside pretax dollars for out-of-pocket medical expenses. Contributions are taken out of your paycheck, and once receipts and documentation have been submitted, you’ll be reimbursed.

9. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

Weight control and exercise help many of the conditions we treat,” says Edward Langston, M.D., a member of the American Medical Association board of trustees. Also vital: Eat a wholesome diet, have yearly checkups, get enough sleep and kick unhealthy habits such as smoking.